I. My Portfolio in English 121 ( Writing in the Discipline)

Chapter 1 Avoiding Sentence Errors:

                          Sometimes in our lives we commit a mistakes and errors not just only in writing a sentences but also in our daily activities but i assure that we all know how it is being created or started and were already know how it is being  manipulated and being controlled.

In avoiding sentence errors is one way to lend our knowledge in writing a sentences in a correct grammar.We should know the rules and steps in writing correct sentences to avoid sentence errors.

Chapter 2 Levels of Usage

                     Were born without anything, we can't speak and we can't walk.We learn step by step just like the levels of usage it shows the limitations of its capacity and ability to act in a sentence.


Chapter 3 Verb Usage

                    Action is the most way to show our emotions especially love.We learn from our past action its a bad moral action or a good a moral action. "Experience is the best teacher" like what other said, because we learn from our past.
Verb is very important in a sentence to recognize what's the subject does.. If we see verb is just a simple word in a sentence but as a matter of fact it has a big contributions and meaning in every sentence because it shows the important details about the subject.

Chapter 4 Pronoun Usage

                     Sometimes we need to take our rest therefore even though we don't have the intention to stop our job but it is needed that's why we need the help of others to continue our job.
Pronoun is a substitute by a noun, lets have an example: If John is not the right guy, i may the right guy.

Chapter 5 Subject and Verb Agreement

                     Always avoid leaving misplaced or dangling modifiers in your finished work. Here is an example of a misplaced modifier. "The commercial advertised an assortment of combs for active people with unbreakable teeth." The corrected sentence should read, "The commercial advertised an assortment of combs with unbreakable teeth for active people." Dangling modifiers are descriptive words that modify a subject that is not stated in the sentence. They often appear as phrases containing "ing." Here is an example of a dangling modifier. "After living in the house for one month, the electrician recommended we update all the wiring." The corrected sentence should read," After living in the house for one month, we hired an electrician, who recommended we update all the wiring."

Chapter 6. Pronoun and Antecedent Agreement

                   The number of people who use "whom" and "who" wrongly is appalling. The problem is a difficult one and it is complicated by the importance of tone, or taste. Take the common expression, "Whom are you, anyways?" That is of course, strictly speaking, correct — and yet how formal, how stilted! The usage to be preferred in ordinary speech and writing is "Who are you, anyways?" "Whom" should be used in the nominative case only when a note of dignity or austerity is desired. For example, if a writer is dealing with a meeting of, say, the British Cabinet, it would be better to have the Premier greet a new arrival, such as an under-secretary, with a "Whom are you, anyways?" rather than a "Who are you, anyways?" — always granted that the Premier is sincerely unaware of the man's identity. To address a person one knows by a "Whom are you?" is a mark either of incredible lapse of memory or inexcusable arrogance.

Chapter 7 Adjective and adverb usage

                       We compare to know the difference between the two or more objects and we modefies to recognize the truth about the object.

                    An adjective is simply a word which modifies the noun it is related to. Adjectives usually come before the modified noun. An adjective could also be a phrase or a clause instead of being a single word. John bought a blue shirt. (single word) Last night, a man in a blue coat stole my wallet. (phrase) I love the car which just crossed the street. (clause)

Adverbs are like adjectives, but they modify the verb. Ordinarily, there are three types of adverbs (see above examples).

He carefully left the room. He left the room with a scared face. He left the room which was located on the seventh floor.

Most single word adverbs are made simply by adding -ly to the end of the respective adjective: Careful-ly = in a careful manner Usually = in a usual manner (often) Simply = in a simple way.

Chapter 8 Miscellaneous Problems in Usage

                   

                             Writers need to choose their words carefully to make sure that they are not confusing words that sound alike or have similar but slightly different meanings or that they are not using an incorrect word or expression.

Part of the fascination with space travel is the element of the unknown—the conviction that it's different from earthbound experiences. And it is.
—from "Single Room, Earth View" written by astronaut Sally Ride
The sentences correctly used it's (instead of its) and different from (instead of different than).

Negative Sentences;An adjective is simply a word which modifies the noun it is related to. Adjectives usually come before the modified noun. An adjective could also be a phrase or a clause instead of being a single word. John bought a blue shirt. (single word) Last night, a man in a blue coat stole my wallet. (phrase) I love the car which just crossed the street. (clause)
Adverbs are like adjectives, but they modify the verb. Ordinarily, there are three types of adverbs (see above examples).
He carefully left the room. He left the room with a scared face. He left the room which was located on the seventh floor.
Most single word adverbs are made simply by adding -ly to the end of the respective adjective: Careful-ly = in a careful manner Usually = in a usual manner (often) Simply = in a simple way

                Do not use two negative words in the same clause. That creates an error called a double negative.
Double Negative – I can't wait no longer.
Correct – I can't wait any longer.
Correct – I can wait no longer.

The most common negative words are never, no, nobody, none, not, nothing, and nowhere. Other negative words to watch out for are barely, but, hardly, and scarcely.
Double Negative – There isn't but one cookie left.
Correct – There is only one cookie left.
Double Negative – I couldn't hardly wait.
Correct – I could hardly wait.

Common Usage Problems

                 Many words that have similar meanings, spellings, or sounds are confused for each other. Here are some pairs that give writers and speakers trouble:
accept / except beside / besides set / sit
affect / effect farther / further than / then
all ready / already lay / lie their / there
among / between of / have to / too
bad / badly saw / seen where / that